There are four basic OOPs Concepts in Java
- Abstraction
- Encapsulation
- Polymorphism
- Inheritance
Definition of Class / Object
Class describes all the attributes of object, as well as the methods that implements the behavior of member object. That means this is a template or blue print.
In object-oriented programming , a class is a template definition of the method s and variable s in a particular kind of object . Thus, an object is a specific instance of a class; it contains real values instead of variables.
Object is an instance of a class, it contains real values instead of variables.
Person employee=new Person();
OOPs Concepts in Java
Abstraction
Abstraction is separating the functions and properties that logically can be separated to a separate entity.
Abstraction in Object Oriented Programming helps to hide the irrelevant details of an object.
Encapsulation
Encapsulation is an OOPS concept to create and define the permissions and restrictions of an object and its member variables and methods. A very simple example to explain the concept is to make the member variables of a class private and providing public getter and setter methods. Java provides four types of access level modifiers: public, protected, no modifier and private.
Polymorphism
Polymorphism is the occurrence of something in various forms. Java supports various forms of polymorphism like polymorphic reference variables, polymorphic method, polymorphic return types and polymorphic argument types.
Polymorphic reference variables can hold any of its subtype class reference.
class A extends C{}
class B extends C{}
C cType = new A();
cType = new B();
Polymorphic method can be overloading or overriding.
Polymorphic return types and polymorphic argument types:
public class Poly {
public static void main(String[] args) {
setNumber(new Integer(1));
System.out.println(getNumber());
}
public static Number getNumber() {
Integer i = new Integer(1);
return i;
}
public static void setNumber(Number n) {
}
}
Inheritance
In object-oriented programming (OOP), inheritance is a way to reuse code of existing objects.
A class can inherit attributes and behavior from pre-existing class called base classes, superclasses, or parent classes. The resulting class is known as derived classes, subclasses, or child classes
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